The Secret of Great Hospital Performance

MP900386070When you pull out to pass a car on the highway, what do you care about?
Do you care about speed or…
do you care about your gas pedal? 
We press on the gas pedal (input) in order to pass (output).
We focus on the job at hand, what we need to get done. We do not care about the gas pedal. We care about passing safely.

Healthcare focuses on the gas pedal.

  • How much will this cost?
  • How big is our budget deficit?
  • Where can we trim costs?
  • Why are costs going up so fast?

It’s understandable. Money grabs our time and attention in hospital leadership.  But, like the gas pedal, inputs should be secondary. Our biggest concern should be outputs, are we delivering great care?

Block funding for hospitals died years ago in most countries.  Unfortunately, block funding still thrives in many Canadian hospitals.

Block funding = stretch one pile of cash out for a whole year of hospital services.

  • No funding for growth.
  • No funding for acuity.
  • No incentives to deliver more care.
  • Focus on the budget; don’t spend a penny more…keep the gas pedal in focus.

Fortunately, most jurisdictions are starting to admit that block funding doesn’t make sense.

Focus on Outputs

The secret to great hospital performance = focus on outputs.  Focus on great service and outcomes for patients, first.

7 Common Patient Waits & How to Fix Them

After supper, a friend told me healthcare gave terrible service.

Men Sitting at Table Drinking Espresso

As a senior management consultant for a well-known multi-national corporation, he spends his time helping companies run well.  In his opinion, healthcare runs poorly.

While full of wonderful, caring people, healthcare is inconvenient and inefficient.

 

7 Waits and How to Fix Them

1. Waiting for appointments with Family Practice – All family docs could offer same day visits.  Some physicians have been doing it for decades.  Their patients love it, and their practices remain profitable.  Some patients want appointments booked days in advance and that should continue.  Other patients want to be seen the same day and could be accommodated with on-site urgent-care clinics or advanced access booking.

Patients should never have to wait to see their family doc (or a physician in the practice group).

 2. Waiting in the waiting room for your physician This should be very rare.  When it happens every visit, it represents terrible practice management.  Physicians run 2-3 exam rooms to prevent patient waiting.  If physicians are double-booking because of patient no-shows, then they should collect no-show fines or consider firing patients  from their practice who continue to not attend for booked appointments.  If physicians are booking too many patients to see them promptly, they need to stop booking so heavily and spread out appointments.  They should stop fooling themselves and book a longer day at the office.  They are staying late anyways; they might as well do the courtesy of allowing their patients to arrive later instead of making them sit in the waiting room for hours.

Either way, it’s up to physicians to keep their own waiting rooms empty.

3. Waiting for blood-tests and X-Rays –  Lab tests can be processed in minutes to hours, but we make patients book separate visits to get blood-work and imagining, then we make them book another visit to discuss the results!  Basic blood-work and x-rays should be available same day for all patients.  This can be done by allowing advanced access at labs and imaging suites.  Digital images can be read off-site.

Patients could receive basic tests and results in the community just as they do in the ED without extra cost to labs and with great savings for patients.

4. Waiting to see specialists.  Ostensibly, wait times to see specialists are long because there aren’t enough specialists.  However, there’s a glut of unemployed specialists in many fields (e.g., orthopedic surgery, cardiac surgery, etc).  Most of the specialists are ‘unemployed’ because they can’t get operating room time.  If there really are too few specialists, why don’t they leverage family docs (or unemployed surgeons) in their clinics to screen through their consults and follow-ups?

I worked for a few years as an associate with our local vascular surgeon to churn through his office visits and minor procedures so he could focus on patients needing surgery.

5. Waiting in an ED waiting room –  We discuss how to close your waiting room in other posts.  It’s the right thing to do – get patients inside, get them seen, get them treated.

6. Waiting for an inpatient bed inside the hospital –  There is no reason to warehouse patients in emergency departments.  Unless hospitals make a conscious decision to get patients up to the wards, nurses and physicians will not change their behaviour and get patients upstairs.  Dozens of papers show that quality and patient satisfaction improve when patients wait in the halls on inpatient wards instead of waiting in the ED.  Furthermore, hospitals that send admitted patients up to the wards, when there are ‘no beds available’ on the ward, somehow find a way to put patients into rooms.  Staff find a way to discharge other patients to open up space.

Admitted patients should never be left in the ED to wait for an inpatient bed.

7. Waiting for surgery –  Patients wait because OR time is limited by OR closures or cancellation of surgery.  ORs need to be kept open – after hours if necessary – to treat patients.  Surgery must not be canceled because surgical beds are full of medical patients.

Let surgeons manage surgical beds; do not let medical flow issues shut down surgical flow.

Rebuttals

1. If we remove waits, won’t demand go up? Won’t utilization increase?  Anxious patients who demand ‘unnecessary’ investigations receive those investigations in the current system.  Most average patients don’t want to give blood or get X-Rays and then wait around for results unless they really have to.  Average patients would continue to pursue investigations only on advice from their physicians.

2. Wouldn’t MDs start ordering too many tests if they knew they could get same-day results?  Sure, more family docs might order blood-work and X-Rays for patients that they presently send to the ED preventing a few ED visits.  Same day service would still require hours of waiting for patients; hardly a convenience all patients would want.  The current technology for blood-work and x-rays still dissuades frivolous testing because of the time and effort required. Until investigations become as quick and convenient as a medical scan on Star Trek, we won’t see a giant spike in investigations.

Canadians wait politely, and they should not.  There’s no need for most of it.

We need to challenge the old way of doing things: waiting for appointments, waiting in waiting rooms, waiting for labs, waiting for x-rays, waiting to discuss results, etc, etc…

We need to adopt a ‘get it done now’ approach all across healthcare.

If you agree, feel free to leave a comment by clicking on leave a reply or # of replies.

 

112 Patient Flow Solutions for Emergency Departments

This list should get us started…  Please add your ideas in the comment section at the end!

  1. Close your waiting room – bring patients straight inside to chairs if no beds open
  2. Use triage to enhance flow: triage = sorting and nothing else
  3. Limit the number of nurses at triage – 1 nurse can SORT 200 patients per day easily
  4. Have patients self triage
  5. Use on-line triage
  6. Use Bedside registration
  7. “Quick Reg” – limited registration; just enough to create a chart
  8. Have patients use self registration
  9. Offer pre-registration on line
  10. Post live wait times on-line to smooth patient volumes
  11. Use patient passports – patient education hand-outs at front door
  12. Educate the community to arrive in ‘slow’ hours (e.g., before 11am Tues – Fri)
  13. Educate community to avoid the surges on Sunday evening/all day Monday
  14. Limit 1 visitor per patient
  15. Encourage patients to bring med lists with them
  16. Encourage community MDs to send in referral notes
  17. Have on-call MDs
  18. Have flexible start and stop times for MDs
  19. Get MDs to take responsibility for flow in real time
  20. Have on call RNs
  21. Shorten nursing documentation (1-2 pages max)
  22. Use combined triage & nursing secondary assessment form
  23. Use physician scribes/navigators
  24. De-zone – move staff to where need is greatest; don’t leave a zone overstaffed
  25. Use advanced directives
  26. Use pre printed orders
  27. Measure and reward MD performance
  28. Measure consultant response times
  29. Insist on in-house consultant coverage for internal medicine, anesthesia, pediatrics…
  30. De-unionize – flow will improve
  31. Have nurses only do nursing tasks (carry out orders, give medications), not clerical work
  32. Track RN break times – insist on accountability
  33. Reward RN extra effort (staying late, skipping breaks, going the extra mile)
  34. Match RN staffing to patient volumes by hour
  35. Match MD staffing to patient volumes by hour
  36. Never allow MDs to go home if waits are long
  37. Staff extra MD and RN shifts on known high volume days (Mondays, holidays)
  38. Encourage MDs/RNs to work in teams and hand over readily
  39. Stagger RN shift changes
  40. Have dedicated ED X-Ray
  41. Have U/S (and tech) in the ED
  42. Use techs for lab draws and ECGs
  43. Stat labs
  44. Prioritize ED lab and DI
  45. Don’t batch
  46. Dedicated porters (RN/tech should porter if porters overwhelmed)
  47. Track DI and lab turn-around times
  48. Get a great EDIS (ED information system)
  49. Create meaningful alerts on EDIS to identify LOS, reassessments, etc
  50. Have a modern EMR linked to the EDIS
  51. Retire outdated EMRs – an old, slow EMR might be worse than none at all
  52. Consider a real time locating system (e.g., RFID)
  53. Consider EMR on tablets for each MD
  54. Computer terminal in each room
  55. Link ED EMRs with community EHRs
  56. Have forms available on-line
  57. Bypass ED for STEMI identified by EMS (straight to PCI)
  58. Eliminate phone calls for CT, etc
  59. Extend CT hours of operation
  60. Encourage the hospital to work on a 24-7 service model (at least a 7 day service model!)
  61. Do not schedule big surgical cases on Monday
  62. Track admits and discharges by time of day and day of week
  63. Eliminate day-day variations of admits/discharges
  64. Perform nurse handover on the ward; not by phone from the ED
  65. Get admitted patients straight up to the ward before a bed becomes available
  66. Use a visual bed management system for inpatient flow admitted patients leave promptly
  67. Use patient flow navigators
  68. Create robust medicine clinic follow-up clinics (next day)
  69. Do not allow consultants to ‘send patients to the ED’ and see them there
  70. Teach residents about quality and efficiency as paramount in their education
  71. Use PO instead of IM, and IM instead of IV treatments if possible
  72. Position EMS off-load in-front of the main nursing station – not hidden away where patients can languish
  73. Form psychiatric patients promptly as needed
  74. Do not perform an internal medicine ‘ward’ work-up in the ED
  75. Order all tests and treatments on the first touch
  76. Plan on disposition from the first encounter
  77. Have Multi-use rooms (eliminate bottle-necks)
  78. Establish procedures to sedate patients in any room
  79. Partner with volunteers – they can help a ton!
  80. Establish CDUs on in-patient wards – do consultations there
  81. Give every MD, RT and Consultants a phone to carry
  82. Do not scale down services over holidays when demand always goes up!
  83. Encourage same day, out-patient cardiac diagnostics and consultation
  84. Establish direct referrals to cardiology (not internal med, NP, cardiology, etc)
  85. Have everything needed for work in every area (don’t make staff walk to the ‘tube system’)
  86. Use pre-printed prescriptions
  87. Have the chief call in 2-3 times per day to monitor flow
  88. Create an internal, real-time ED surge plan
  89. Create a hospital wide surge plan and link it to the ED surge plan
  90. Give admin on call authority to move admitted patients out the ED
  91. Have back on-call to support internal medicine consults
  92. Do not allow surgeons to be on-call to the ED on their OR day
  93. Teach all nurses to apply splints and/or casts
  94. Use ‘just in time’ approach to patient movement – don’t stock-pile patients by loading rooms
  95. Avoid batching
  96. Assign patients to areas; not rooms
  97. Use overhead paging liberally – don’t walk around looking for patients
  98. Improve patient signage
  99. Use patient instruction sheets
  100. Use a re-assessment check-list so MDs aren’t called to reassess prematurely
  101. Build a minor treatment area (aka fast track)
  102. Get rid of as many stretchers as possible (limits holding admitted patients)
  103. Use exam tables where-ever possible
  104. Use some chairs instead of stretchers in the acute area for telemetry patients
  105. Get rid of walls – use curtains to divide most rooms
  106. Eliminate sequential processing
  107. Insist on parallel processing
  108. Look for bottlenecks – theory of constraints
  109. Learn queuing theory and how it applies to your department
  110. Learn and love LEAN
  111. Employ an unlimited capacity mindset – don’t limit flow for lack of ‘rooms’
  112. Adopt a ‘get it done NOW‘ attitude across the organization!

More ideas?  Questions?  Feedback?  Click on leave a reply or # replies below: